ABSTRACT
El estudio de las habilidades psicológicas en el deporte constituye un campo de investigación de constante vigencia y actualidad para orientar la preparación psicológica con el fin de optimizar el rendimiento, especialmente en jóvenes deportistas en proceso de desarrollo. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar las habilidades psicológicas en una muestra de deportistas escolares y juveniles de ambos sexos y diferentes deportes de la provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba. Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo transversal en el que participaron 87 jóvenes deportistas, donde el 62.1% (n=54) eran mujeres y el 33% (n=33) hombres, con una edad cronológica promedio de 14.75 años (DT=1.74) y una experiencia deportiva de 4.67 (DT=1.90). Fue aplicado el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva para la medición de las habilidades psicológicas, cuyos datos fueron procesados mediante estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales. Se obtuvo que la autoconfianza, la motivación, el control de afrontamiento positivo y de la actitud constituyen los puntos fuertes, mientras que el control de afrontamiento negativo, de la atención y visuoimaginativo son las habilidades de menor desarrollo. Solamente el control de afrontamiento positivo es significativamente mayor en los deportistas masculinos y los beisbolistas poseen una preparación psicológica superior al resto de los deportistas analizados. Se concluye destacando la necesidad de estimular el control de las emociones negativas, la atención y las imágenes mentales en los jóvenes deportistas analizados, así como la relevancia del trabajo psicológico especializado en la preparación de los jóvenes deportistas. (AU)
The study of psychological skills in sport constitutes a field of research of constant validity and topicality to guide psychological preparation in order to optimize performance, especially in young athletes in the process of development. The aim of this research is to characterize the psychological skills in a sample of young athletes of both sexes and different sports from the Villa Clara province, Cuba. A cross-sectional descriptive study was developed in which 87 young athletes participated, where 62.1% (n=54) were women and 33% (n=33) men, with an average chronological age of 14.75 years (SD=1.74) and a sports experience of 4.67 (SD=1.90). The Psychological Inventory of Sports Execution was applied to measure psychological skills, whose data were processed through descriptive and inferential statistics. It was found that self-confidence, motivation, positive coping control and attitude constitute the strong points, while negative coping control, attention and visuo-imaginative control are the least developed skills. Only positive coping control is significantly higher in male athletes and baseball players have a higher psychological preparation than the rest of the athletes analyzed. The need to stimulate the control of negative emotions, attention and mental images in the young athletes analyzed is highlighted, as well as the relevance of specialized psychological work in the preparation of young athletes. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Athletes/psychology , Psychology, Sports , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cuba , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Introduction: the systematic analysis of the relationships between relevant psychological variables for sports performance and injuries is essential to contribute to their prevention in specific sports.Material and methodsa descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study was carried out in the first category women's national softball championship in Cuba. 88 athletes participated with an average chronological age of 22.91 (SD=6.13) and a sports experience of 10.83 years (SD=4.92). A specific questionnaire, the Competitive Sport Anxiety Inventory and the Psychological Inventory of Sport Execution was applied. Descriptive statistics and Kendall's Tau_b nonparametric correlation coefficient was used for data analysis.ResultsA high injury load was verified with a low perception of the role of psychological factors in its etiology, as well as a notable occurrence of new injuries with negative emotional repercussions. Negative correlations of self-confidence, negative coping control, visual-imaginative control, positive coping control, and attitude control with history of injuries were obtained. The high anxiety showed significant relationships with previous injuries and new injuries during the analyzed competition.Conclusionsthe findings are especially congruent with previous results in elite softball players, although new and greater relationships between variables were determined. All this means that stimulating psychological skills to control anxiety in competition could contribute to the prevention of injuries. However, longitudinal analyzes are required to confirm the predictive role of these variables before proposing psychological interventions in this regard. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Anxiety/psychology , Professional Competence , Baseball/psychology , Athletic Injuries/psychology , Cuba , Social Skills , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Correlation of Data , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Introduction: The aim of this research is to analyze the relationships between anxiety and the psychological variables of sports performance, with the history of injuries in high-performance sportsmen.Material and MethodsA cross-sectional and correlational study was designed selecting 63 sportsmen through a stratified random sampling (n= 21 softball, soccer and baseball respectively). To obtain the information and measure the variables, the Questionnaire on Sports Aspects and Injuries, the State -Trait Anxiety Inventory, the State in Competition Anxiety Inventory and the Psychological Inventory of Sports Execution were used. The analysis was carried out using the percentage distribution, mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, Kolmogorov - Smirnov, HSD Tukey de Anova and the Pearson correlation coefficient (p≤0.05).ResultsSoftball sportsmen present greater anxiety in competitions (baseball .000; soccer .003) and soccer players have suffered more serious injuries (baseball .008; softball .027). The psychological variables of sports performance that established a relationship with injuries showed an inverse and significant direction such as self-confidence (number of injuries .020), attention control (number .034 and severity .009), negative coping control (number .008 and severity .008) and positive coping control (number .005 and severity .012).ConclusionsA low self-confidence and limited skills to control attention and emotions, make up the vulnerability of the sportsmen studied, which means that a psychological preparation focused on these psychological processes will contribute to the prevention of injuries. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Anxiety/psychology , Emotional Intelligence , Self-Control/psychology , Trust/psychology , Athletic Injuries/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Correlation of DataABSTRACT
Se realizó una investigación de corte transversal, en el marco de la estrategia comunitaria para la hipertensión arterial, con un grupo de alcohólicos en la localidad de Encrucijada, en el mes de octubre del año 2009. Con la participación de psicólogos e internistas, se desarrolló una actividad de carácter informativo-educativo y de examen clínico, fundamentalmente cardiovascular, a 24 enfermos crónicos. El universo estuvo conformado por hombres entre 25 y 70 años de edad, con predominio de la piel blanca. Ofrecieron datos anamnésicos de padecer hipertensión seis pacientes y se comprobó un marcado descontrol tensional por abandono terapéutico, lo que demostró que un importante número de alcohólicos tenían rango tensional de prehipertensión y de hipertensión arterial. En la dinámica grupal, fue relevante el grado de distorsión conceptual que mostraba esta población sobre su adicción, y se pudo inferir las razones del abandono terapéutico, que condujo, a algunos, al descontrol de su hipertensión(AU)
